Regulatory issues are fundamentally changing the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) market. ![]() Additionally, energy efficiency and life-cycle cost analysis considerations are addressed to provide a more completes analysis of cooling equipment alternatives. This paper describes these alternative technologies and the conditions in which they are viable alternatives to CFC-based equipment. Further, significant technological developments in recent years have made these technologies feasible alternatives for applications previously believed to be unacceptable. ![]() These alternative technologies are proven alternatives and are commercially available. Alternative cooling technologies include absorption systems, desiccant cooling, evaporative cooling, and ammonia vapor compression. The concept is ready to more ยป be tested in a fun prototype scale in a commercial bus. This preliminary study indicated that desiccant systems combined with evaporative cooling is a CFC-free option to vapor compression refrigeration for air conditioning of transit buses. Fuel consumption for naming desiccant systems was about 70% less than CFC refrigeration system, resulting in payback periods of less than 2.5 years under most circumstances. The weight and the size of the desiccant system though larger than vapor compression systems, can be easily accommodated within a bus. We studied desiccant systems for cooling transit buses and found that the use of a desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling system is feasible and can deliver the required cooling. This limitation can be eliminated by dehumidifying the supply air using desiccants. It does not use CFCs but is restricted in use to arid climates. Currently, evaporative cooling is an economical alternative to CFC vapor compression refrigeration for air conditioning buses. Vapor compression devices use chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chemicals that contributes to Earths's ozone depletion and to global warming. Vapor compression refrigeration systems are standard for air conditioning buses and account for up to 25% of fuel consumption in the cooling season. ![]() In the United Sates, more than 80% of transit city buses are air conditioned.
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